Aphte are one of the most common forms of ulcers that occur in the oral cavity. Possible triggers of aphthous ulcers include emotional stress, minor injury to the inside of the mouth and weakening of the immune system. Small ulcers heal spontaneously in a period of two weeks, while larger ones can heal up to a month. Pain and discomfort can be lightened with the use of antiseptics or healing agents that your dentist or pharmacist can recommend.